The ''Inspection du travail'' (IT, ''Labour inspection'') is a French specialized body of civil servants, charged of the surveillance of employment and labour law in

firm A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared go ...

s, created in 1892 during the Third Republic.

History

The Labour inspection was officially created by the 19 May 1874 law during the Third Republic, establishing a body of 15 divisionary inspectors, and several

departmental ''Departmental'' is a 1980 Australian TV movie based on a play by Mervyn Rutherford. It was part of the ABC's Australian Theatre Festival.Ed. Scott Murray, ''Australia on the Small Screen 1970-1995'', Oxford Uni Press, 1996 p43 Reviews were poor ...

inspectors. However, they were not very efficient. Following the International Conference on Labour in Berlin on 15 March 1890, envisioning the creation of an international labour legislation, the Third Republic created by the 2 November 1892 law a specialized body of civil servants dedicated to inspection of labour conditions. It was first of all charged of the surveillance of the implementation of the 22 March 1841 law prohibiting child labour of less than 8 years old. This law had been enacted following reports by the physician René Villermé. The 1890 law also enacted a maximal length of work for children, women and

underage In law, a minor is someone under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which demarcates an underage individual from legal adulthood. The age of majority depends upon jurisdiction and application, but it is commonly 18. ''Minor'' may also ...

girls. The function was popularized by the inspector Pierre Hamp, who maintained a chronicle in ''

L'Humanité ''L'Humanité'' (; ), is a French daily newspaper. It was previously an organ of the French Communist Party, and maintains links to the party. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, ''L'Humanité'' would not exist." History and profile Pre-World Wa ...

'' newspaper from 1906 to 1912. Following the creation of the

Ministry of Labour The Ministry of Labour ('' UK''), or Labor ('' US''), also known as the Department of Labour, or Labor, is a government department responsible for setting labour standards, labour dispute mechanisms, employment, workforce participation, training, a ...

in 1906, the IT became one of its services. In 1947, the 81st International Convention of the

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

forced all ratifying states to "organize a system of labour inspection". France ratified it under the Fourth Republic by a 10 August 1950 law. In 1975, a law was introduced to limit and regulate redundancies making it compulsory for employers wishing to carry out redundancies to obtain the authorization of labour inspectors. This law was abolished in 1986 by Jacques Chirac administration. During a routine inspection of seasonal workers on a vineyard on 2 September 2004, Claude Duviau, a farmer from Saussignac shot and killed two labour inspectors, Sylvie Trémouille and Daniel Buffière. Duviau was later found guilty of murder and sentenced to 30 years in prison. He died in custody on 26 January 2016. The shooting led to a nation-wide debate on labour inspectors' work conditions in France.

Number of inspectors

There are in 2010 600 Labour Inspectors and 1219 controllers. Each year, they established approximatively 16.000 '' procès-verbaux'', of which only a fourth lead to a sanction of the employer.

References

Bibliography

*« Comment devenir inspecteur du travail ? » Brochure éditée par le ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité * « L'Inspection du travail » de Paul Ramackers et Laurent Vilboeuf, Que sais-je?, 1997 * « On achève bien les inspecteurs du travail... » de

Gérard Filoche Gérard (French language, French: ) is a French masculine given name and surname of Germanic languages, Germanic origin, variations of which exist in many Germanic and Romance languages. Like many other Germanic name, early Germanic names, it is ...

(inspecteur du travail), Jean-Claude Gawsevitch éditeur, 2004 * « Carnets d'un inspecteur du travail » de

(inspecteur du travail), éditions Ramsay, 2004 * « Le travail jetable » de

(inspecteur du travail), éditions Ramsay, 1997 *« Inspection du travail et repression », Professeur Laurent Gamet, in ''Droit social'', Dalloz, 2017 * « L'inspecteur du travail », ''Liaisons sociales'', 11345, numéro spécial, décembre 1992 * « La création de l'inspection du travail: La condition ouvrière d'après les débats parlementaires de 1881 à 1892 » de William Grossin, L'Harmattan, 1990 * « Voltigeurs de la République : L'Inspection du travail en France jusqu'en 1914 » de V. Viet, CNRS editions, 2003 * « Inspecteurs et inspection du travail sous la IIIe et la IVe République » de Collectif, La documentation française, 1998 * « L'inspection du travail en France en 1998. les chiffres clés » de Collectif, La Documentation Française, 2000 * « L'Inspection du travail », Bureau international du travail, 2000 * Gérard Lyon-Caen et Jacques Pellissier, ''Droit du travail'', Dalloz, 1996 * Marie-Thérèse Join-Lambert, ''Politiques sociales'', Presses de Sciences-Po et Dalloz, 1997 * Marie-Thérèse Join-Lambert, ''Pierre Hamp: inspecteur du travail et écrivain humaniste'', L'Harmattan, 2006, {{ISBN, 9782747596688 French labour law Politics of France Government of France

History

Number of inspectors

See also

References

Bibliography